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<h1><center>KVM进阶使用</center></h1>
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**作者：行癫（盗版必究）**
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------
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## 一：KVM克隆
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#### 1.图形化管理方式
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关闭要克隆的虚拟机，右键点击虚拟机选择Clone
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<img src="https://xingdian-image.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/xingdian-image/image-20220711223317768.png" alt="image-20220711223317768" style="zoom:50%;" />
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#### 2.字符终端
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virt-clone -o centos7.0 -n xingdian -f /var/lib/libvirt/images/xingdian.qcow2
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Allocating 'xingdian.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:00:03
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Clone 'xingdian' created successfully.
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注意：
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-o：需要克隆的虚拟机名字
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-n：克隆后虚拟机的名字
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-f：指定克隆后的镜像文件
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```
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验证：
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<img src="https://xingdian-image.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/xingdian-image/image-20220711223701321.png" alt="image-20220711223701321" style="zoom:50%;" />
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## 二：KVM网络
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#### 1.NAT网络拓扑
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注意：
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默认情况下使用的就是NAT网络模式
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#### 2.桥接网络拓扑
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#### 3.网络相关基本命令
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查看一个guest主机的网络接口信息：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh domiflist xingdian
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Interface Type Source Model MAC
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-------------------------------------------------------
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- network default virtio 52:54:00:89:aa:71
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```
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列出运行网络信息：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list
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Name State Autostart Persistent
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----------------------------------------------------------
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default active yes yes
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```
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列出网络详细信息：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-info default
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Name: default
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UUID: cdea1242-f581-4624-86d7-c52629b52774
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Active: yes
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Persistent: yes
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Autostart: yes
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Bridge: virbr0
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```
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导出默认网络信息：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-dumpxml default > default.xml
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[root@localhost ~]# cat default.xml
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<network>
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<name>default</name>
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<uuid>cdea1242-f581-4624-86d7-c52629b52774</uuid>
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<forward mode='nat'>
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<nat>
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<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
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</nat>
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</forward>
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<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
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<mac address='52:54:00:10:80:ce'/>
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<ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
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<dhcp>
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<range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
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</dhcp>
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</ip>
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</network>
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```
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生成网络xml文件：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# cp default.xml xingdian.xml
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[root@localhost ~]# cat xingdian.xml
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<network>
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<name>xingdian</name>
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<uuid>cdea1242-f581-4624-86d7-c52629b52794</uuid>
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<forward mode='nat'>
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<nat>
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<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
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</nat>
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</forward>
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<bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>
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<mac address='52:54:00:10:81:ce'/>
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<ip address='10.0.1.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
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<dhcp>
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<range start='10.0.1.2' end='10.0.1.254'/>
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</dhcp>
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</ip>
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</network>
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```
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利用xml生成新的文件：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-create xingdian.xml
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Network xingdian created from xingdian.xml
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```
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开启持久化网络：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-define xingdian.xml //利用xml文件开启
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Network xingdian defined from xingdian.xml
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list
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Name State Autostart Persistent
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----------------------------------------------------------
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default active yes yes
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diandian active yes yes
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xingdian active no yes
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```
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取消持久化网络：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-undefine xingdian
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Network xingdian has been undefined
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list
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Name State Autostart Persistent
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----------------------------------------------------------
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default active yes yes
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diandian active yes yes
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xingdian active no no
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```
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自启动网络：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-autostart --disable diandian
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Network diandian unmarked as autostarted
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list --all
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Name State Autostart Persistent
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----------------------------------------------------------
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default active yes yes
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diandian active no yes
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xingdian active no no
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-autostart --network diandian
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Network diandian marked as autostarted
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list --all
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Name State Autostart Persistent
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----------------------------------------------------------
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default active yes yes
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diandian active yes yes
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xingdian active no no
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```
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查看虚拟机IP地址：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh dumpxml xingdian | grep mac
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<partition>/machine</partition>
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<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
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<mac address='52:54:00:89:aa:71'/>
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[root@localhost ~]# arp -a | grep 52:54:00:89:aa:71
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? (192.168.122.54) at 52:54:00:89:aa:71 [ether] on virbr0
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```
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#### 4.创建桥接网络
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创建桥接网卡br0，把br0作为网桥使用，绑定enp2s0到br0网桥：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh iface-bridge ens33 br0
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```
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执行上述命令，实际上就是在/etc/sysconfig/networking-script目录下增加一个虚拟网桥 br0,文件名称为ifcfg-br0
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```shell
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
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DEVICE="br0"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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TYPE="Bridge"
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BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
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IPV6INIT="yes"
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IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
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DHCPV6C="no"
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STP="on"
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DELAY="0"
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```
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查看网卡配置文件
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```shell
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
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DEVICE="ens33"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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BRIDGE="br0"
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```
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重启网络：
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```shell
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
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```
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查看桥接：
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```shell
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# brctl show
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bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
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br0 8000.000c29f4ba45 yes ens33
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vnet1
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virbr0 8000.5254001080ce yes virbr0-nic
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vnet0
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virbr1 8000.5254001081ce yes virbr1-nic
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virbr2 8000.525400035e3c yes virbr2-nic
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```
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使用桥接：
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## 三：KVM快照
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#### 1.图形化方式
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#### 2.命令方式
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为虚拟机创建快照：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh snapshot-create-as xingdian xingdian.snap
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Domain snapshot xingdian.snap created
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```
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查看镜像信息：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/xingdian.qcow2
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image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/xingdian.qcow2
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file format: qcow2
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virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
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disk size: 1.5G
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cluster_size: 65536
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Snapshot list:
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ID TAG VM SIZE DATE VM CLOCK
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1 xingdian.snap 248M 2022-07-12 01:16:13 00:40:55.839
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Format specific information:
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compat: 1.1
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lazy refcounts: true
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```
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虚拟机增加内容，创建快照：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# touch a.txt
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh snapshot-create-as xingdian xingdian.snap2
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Domain snapshot xingdian.snap2 created
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```
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关闭虚拟机，恢复到第一个快照：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown xingdian
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Domain xingdian is being shutdown
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh snapshot-revert xingdian xingdian.snap
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```
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验证：
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh list
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Id Name State
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----------------------------------------------------
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6 xingdian running
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[root@localhost ~]# ssh 192.168.122.54
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root@192.168.122.54's password:
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Last login: Tue Jul 12 00:56:36 2022 from 192.168.122.1
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[root@localhost ~]# ls
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anaconda-ks.cfg
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```
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注意：
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没有a.txt代表恢复快照成功
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## 四：脚本管理KVM
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# cat kvm-manager.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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#kvm manager
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#by xingdian.
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#for centos7
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images_dir=/var/lib/libvirt/images
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xml_dir=/etc/libvirt/qemu
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red_col="\e[1;31m"
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blue_col="\e[1;34m"
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reset_col="\e[0m"
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centos6u8_base_img=centos6u8_base.qcow2
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centos7u3_base_img=centos7u3_base.qcow2
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win7_base_img=win7_base.qcow2
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centos6u8_base_xml=centos6u8_base.xml
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centos7u3_base_xml=centos7u3_base.xml
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win7_base_xml=win7_base.xml
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menu() {
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cat <<-EOF
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+------------------------------------------------+
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| ====================== |
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| 虚拟机基本管理 v4.0 |
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| by xingdian |
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| ====================== |
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| 1. 安装KVM |
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| 2. 安装或重置CentOS-6.8 |
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| 3. 安装或重置CentOS-7.3 |
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| 4. 安装或重置Windows-7 |
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| 5. 删除所有虚拟机 |
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| q. 退出管理程序 |
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+------------------------------------------------+
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EOF
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}
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kvm_install_hint() {
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systemctl libvirtd status &>/dev/null
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if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
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echo -e "${red_col}未安装KVM软件或未启动libvirtd进程，请检查${reset_col}"
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continue
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fi
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}
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download_kvm_script() {
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wget -O /root/Desktop/virt-manager.desktop ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/virt-manager.desktop &>/dev/null
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wget -O /root/Desktop/Readme.txt ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/readme.txt &>/dev/null
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chmod a+x /root/Desktop/virt-manager.desktop &>/dev/null
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wget -O /root/桌面/virt-manager.desktop ftp://10.18.40.100/virt-manager.desktop &>/dev/null
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wget -O /root/桌面/Readme.txt ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/readme.txt &>/dev/null
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chmod a+x /root/桌面/virt-manager.desktop &>/dev/null
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wget -O /usr/local/sbin/kvm-manager ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/kvm-manager.sh &>/dev/null
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chmod a+x /usr/local/sbin/kvm-manager &>/dev/null
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}
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conn_test() {
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ping -c1 10.18.40.100 &>/dev/null
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if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
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echo -e "${red_col}无法访问10.18.40.100, 请检查网络或稍后再试!${reset_col}"
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echo
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exit
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fi
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}
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menu
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while :
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do
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echo -en "${blue_col}请选择相应的操作[1-7], 显示菜单[m]: ${reset_col}"
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read choose
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case $choose in
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1)
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conn_test
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download_kvm_script
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read -p "确认开始安装KVM [y]: " kvm_install
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if [ ! "${kvm_install}" = "y" ];then
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echo -e "$red_col输入不正确! $reset_col"
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continue
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fi
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rpm -q virt-manager &>/dev/null
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if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
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echo "开始安装KVM......"
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yum -y groupinstall "virtual*"
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systemctl start libvirtd
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systemctl enable libvirtd
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fi
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echo "-----------------------------------------------------------"
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echo "KVM 安装完成，请查看桌面上的Readme文件..."
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echo "-----------------------------------------------------------"
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;;
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2)
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conn_test
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download_kvm_script
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read -p "确认重置CentOS 6.8 虚拟机吗?[y]: " rebuild_centos6u8
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if [ ! "${rebuild_centos6u8}" = "y" ];then
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echo -e "$red_col输入不正确! $reset_col"
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continue
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fi
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if [ ! -f ${images_dir}/${centos6u8_base_img} ];then
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echo "正在下载镜像文件，请稍候......"
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wget -O ${images_dir}/${centos6u8_base_img} ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/base_image/${centos6u8_base_img}
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fi
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for i in {1..5}
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do
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vm_name=centos6u8-${i}
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vm_uuid=$(uuidgen)
|
|
|
vm_disk=${vm_name}.qcow2
|
|
|
vm_xml=${xml_dir}/${vm_name}.xml
|
|
|
vm_mac="52:54:$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2>/dev/null | md5sum | sed -r 's/^(..)(..)(..)(..).*$/\1:\2:\3:\4/')"
|
|
|
base_xml=${xml_dir}/centos6u8_base.xml
|
|
|
|
|
|
virsh destroy ${vm_name} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
virsh undefine ${vm_name} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
rm -rf ${xml_dir}/${vm_xml}
|
|
|
rm -rf ${images_dir}/${vm_name}.*
|
|
|
|
|
|
#disk
|
|
|
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b ${images_dir}/${centos6u8_base_img} ${images_dir}/${vm_disk} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
|
|
#xml
|
|
|
wget -q ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/base_xml/${centos6u8_base_xml} -O ${base_xml}
|
|
|
cp ${base_xml} ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_NAME#$vm_name#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_UUID#$vm_uuid#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_DISK#$vm_disk#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_MAC#$vm_mac#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define
|
|
|
virsh define ${vm_xml} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
echo "虚拟机${vm_name} 重置完成..."
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
;;
|
|
|
|
|
|
3)
|
|
|
conn_test
|
|
|
download_kvm_script
|
|
|
|
|
|
read -p "确认重置所有的CentOS7.3虚拟机吗?[y]: " rebuild_centos7u3
|
|
|
if [ ! "${rebuild_centos7u3}" = "y" ];then
|
|
|
echo -e "$red_col输入不正确! $reset_col"
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
|
|
if [ ! -f ${images_dir}/${centos7u3_base_img} ];then
|
|
|
echo "正在下载镜像文件，请稍候......"
|
|
|
wget -O ${images_dir}/${centos7u3_base_img} ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/base_image/${centos7u3_base_img}
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
|
|
for i in {1..5}
|
|
|
do
|
|
|
vm_name=centos7u3-${i}
|
|
|
vm_uuid=$(uuidgen)
|
|
|
vm_disk=${vm_name}.qcow2
|
|
|
vm_xml=${xml_dir}/${vm_name}.xml
|
|
|
vm_mac="52:54:$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2>/dev/null | md5sum | sed -r 's/^(..)(..)(..)(..).*$/\1:\2:\3:\4/')"
|
|
|
base_xml=${xml_dir}/centos7u3_base.xml
|
|
|
|
|
|
virsh destroy ${vm_name} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
virsh undefine ${vm_name} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
rm -rf ${xml_dir}/${vm_xml}
|
|
|
rm -rf ${images_dir}/${vm_name}.*
|
|
|
|
|
|
#disk
|
|
|
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b ${images_dir}/${centos7u3_base_img} ${images_dir}/${vm_disk} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
|
|
#xml
|
|
|
wget -q ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/base_xml/${centos7u3_base_xml} -O ${base_xml}
|
|
|
cp ${base_xml} ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_NAME#$vm_name#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_UUID#$vm_uuid#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_DISK#$vm_disk#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
sed -i -r "s#VM_MAC#$vm_mac#" ${vm_xml}
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define
|
|
|
virsh define ${vm_xml} &>/dev/null
|
|
|
echo "虚拟机${vm_name} 重置完成..."
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
;;
|
|
|
|
|
|
4)
|
|
|
conn_test
|
|
|
download_kvm_script
|
|
|
|
|
|
read -p "确认重置 windows 7 虚拟机吗?[y]: " rebuild_win7
|
|
|
if [ ! "${rebuild_win7}" = "y" ];then
|
|
|
echo -e "$red_col输入不正确! $reset_col"
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
|
|
if [ ! -f ${images_dir}/${win7_base_img} ];then
|
|
|
echo "正在下载镜像文件，请稍候......"
|
|
|
wget -O ${images_dir}/${win7_base_img} ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/base_image/${win7_base_img}
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
|
|
virsh destroy win7 &>/dev/null
|
|
|
virsh undefine win7 &>/dev/null
|
|
|
rm -rf ${xml_dir}/win7.xml
|
|
|
rm -rf ${images_dir}/win7.qcow2
|
|
|
|
|
|
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b ${images_dir}/${win7_base_img} ${images_dir}/win7.qcow2 &>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
|
|
wget -q ftp://10.18.40.100/kvm/base_xml/win7_base.xml -O ${xml_dir}/win7.xml
|
|
|
virsh define ${xml_dir}/win7.xml &>/dev/null
|
|
|
echo "虚拟机 windows 重置完成..."
|
|
|
;;
|
|
|
|
|
|
5)
|
|
|
conn_test
|
|
|
download_kvm_script
|
|
|
|
|
|
all_vm=$(virsh list --all |awk '/[0-9]/{print $2}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
echo -en "${red_col}确认删除所有虚拟机吗?[y]:${reset_col} "
|
|
|
read delete_all
|
|
|
|
|
|
if [ ! "${delete_all}" = "y" ];then
|
|
|
echo -e "$red_col放弃删除! $reset_col"
|
|
|
continue
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
|
|
for vm in ${all_vm}
|
|
|
do
|
|
|
virsh destroy $vm &>/dev/null
|
|
|
virsh undefine $vm &>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
|
|
rm -rf ${xml_dir}/${vm}.xml
|
|
|
rm -rf ${images_dir}/${vm}*
|
|
|
echo "已删除虚拟机 $vm"
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
;;
|
|
|
|
|
|
m)
|
|
|
clear
|
|
|
menu
|
|
|
;;
|
|
|
q)
|
|
|
exit
|
|
|
;;
|
|
|
'')
|
|
|
;;
|
|
|
*)
|
|
|
echo "输入错误！"
|
|
|
|
|
|
esac
|
|
|
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
