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<h1><center>Python 自动化运维案例</center></h1>
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**作者：行癫（盗版必究）**
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------
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## 一：获取监控系统信息
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#### 1.运行环境
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python 3
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pip 3
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#### 2.脚本文件
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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import psutil
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import socket
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import datetime
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def get_cpu_info():
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return {
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"cpu_percent": psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1),
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"cpu_cores": psutil.cpu_count(logical=False),
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"cpu_threads": psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)
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}
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def get_memory_info():
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mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
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return {
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"total": mem.total,
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"available": mem.available,
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"used": mem.used,
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"percent": mem.percent
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}
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def get_disk_info():
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partitions = psutil.disk_partitions()
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disk_info = {}
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for p in partitions:
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usage = psutil.disk_usage(p.mountpoint)
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disk_info[p.mountpoint] = {
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"total": usage.total,
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"used": usage.used,
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"free": usage.free,
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"percent": usage.percent
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}
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return disk_info
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def get_network_info():
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net_io = psutil.net_io_counters()
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return {
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"bytes_sent": net_io.bytes_sent,
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"bytes_recv": net_io.bytes_recv
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}
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def get_uptime():
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boot_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time())
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now = datetime.datetime.now()
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return str(now - boot_time).split('.')[0]
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def get_hostname():
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return socket.gethostname()
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def main():
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print(f"主机名: {get_hostname()}")
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print(f"系统运行时间: {get_uptime()}")
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print("\n=== CPU 信息 ===")
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for k, v in get_cpu_info().items():
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print(f"{k}: {v}")
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print("\n=== 内存 信息 ===")
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for k, v in get_memory_info().items():
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print(f"{k}: {v // (1024 * 1024)} MB")
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print("\n=== 磁盘 信息 ===")
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disk_info = get_disk_info()
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for mount, info in disk_info.items():
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print(f"\n挂载点: {mount}")
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for k, v in info.items():
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if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
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print(f" {k}: {v // (1024 * 1024)} MB" if 'percent' not in k else f" {k}: {v}%")
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else:
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print(f" {k}: {v}")
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print("\n=== 网络 信息 ===")
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net_info = get_network_info()
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print(f"已发送: {net_info['bytes_sent'] // (1024 * 1024)} MB")
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print(f"已接收: {net_info['bytes_recv'] // (1024 * 1024)} MB")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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```
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#### 3.参数解释
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- `psutil`: Python 的系统和进程工具库，用于获取 CPU、内存、磁盘、网络等信息。
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- `socket`: 标准库模块，用于获取网络信息，如主机名。
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- `datetime`: 标准库模块，用于处理日期和时间，例如计算开机时长。
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------
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## 🧠 获取 CPU 信息
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```python
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def get_cpu_info():
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```
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定义一个函数 `get_cpu_info`，用来收集 CPU 的使用信息。
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```python
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return {
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"cpu_percent": psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1),
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```
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- `psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)`：统计 1 秒钟内 CPU 的总体使用率（百分比）。
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```python
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"cpu_cores": psutil.cpu_count(logical=False),
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```
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- `psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)`：获取物理核心数，不包含超线程。
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```python
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"cpu_threads": psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)
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```
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- `psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)`：获取逻辑核心数（包括超线程）。
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返回一个包含三个键值的字典。
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------
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## 💾 获取内存信息
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```python
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def get_memory_info():
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```
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定义函数 `get_memory_info`，收集内存使用情况。
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```python
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mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
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```
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- 调用 `virtual_memory()` 获取当前系统的内存使用信息，返回一个包含多个字段的对象。
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```python
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return {
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"total": mem.total,
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"available": mem.available,
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"used": mem.used,
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"percent": mem.percent
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}
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```
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- 提取并返回 `total`（总内存）、`available`（可用）、`used`（已用）和 `percent`（使用率）这几个重要指标，作为字典返回。
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------
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## 📁 获取磁盘使用情况
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```python
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def get_disk_info():
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```
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定义函数 `get_disk_info`，用来收集磁盘每个分区的使用状态。
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```python
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partitions = psutil.disk_partitions()
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```
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- 获取所有磁盘分区（如 `/`, `/boot`）。
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```python
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disk_info = {}
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```
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- 初始化一个空字典，用来存储每个挂载点的使用信息。
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```python
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for p in partitions:
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```
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- 遍历所有磁盘分区。
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```python
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usage = psutil.disk_usage(p.mountpoint)
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```
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- 获取该分区的使用情况（总空间、已用、可用、百分比）。
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```python
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disk_info[p.mountpoint] = {
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"total": usage.total,
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"used": usage.used,
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"free": usage.free,
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"percent": usage.percent
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}
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```
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- 把该挂载点的使用数据以字典形式存入 `disk_info` 中，以挂载点路径为键。
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```python
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return disk_info
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```
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- 返回整个磁盘信息的字典。
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------
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## 🌐 获取网络信息
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```python
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def get_network_info():
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```
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定义函数 `get_network_info`，收集网络数据使用情况。
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```python
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net_io = psutil.net_io_counters()
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```
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- 获取网络接口的总体读写统计（从开机到现在）。
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```python
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return {
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"bytes_sent": net_io.bytes_sent,
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"bytes_recv": net_io.bytes_recv
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}
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```
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- 返回已发送和接收的总字节数。
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------
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## ⏱️ 获取系统运行时间
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```python
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def get_uptime():
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```
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定义函数 `get_uptime`，计算系统运行了多久。
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```python
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boot_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time())
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```
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- `psutil.boot_time()` 返回系统开机时间（Unix 时间戳）。
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- `fromtimestamp()` 将其转换为 `datetime` 对象。
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```python
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now = datetime.datetime.now()
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```
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- 获取当前时间。
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```python
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return str(now - boot_time).split('.')[0]
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```
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- 计算时间差（即运行时长），去掉微秒部分并转为字符串返回。
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------
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## 🖥️ 获取主机名
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```python
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def get_hostname():
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return socket.gethostname()
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```
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使用 `socket.gethostname()` 返回本机的主机名。
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------
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## 🔁 主程序入口
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```python
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def main():
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```
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定义主函数，控制整个程序流程。
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```python
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print(f"主机名: {get_hostname()}")
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```
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打印主机名。
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```python
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print(f"系统运行时间: {get_uptime()}")
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```
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打印系统开机至今的运行时间。
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------
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### ▶️ 打印 CPU 信息
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```python
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print("\n=== CPU 信息 ===")
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```
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打印 CPU 信息的标题。
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```python
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for k, v in get_cpu_info().items():
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print(f"{k}: {v}")
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```
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- 遍历 CPU 信息字典并打印每项的键和值。
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------
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### 🧠 打印内存信息
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```python
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print("\n=== 内存 信息 ===")
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```
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标题。
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```python
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for k, v in get_memory_info().items():
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print(f"{k}: {v // (1024 * 1024)} MB")
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```
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- 遍历内存数据，将字节转换为 MB 后打印。
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------
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### 💽 打印磁盘信息
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```python
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print("\n=== 磁盘 信息 ===")
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```
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标题。
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```python
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disk_info = get_disk_info()
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```
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获取磁盘信息。
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```python
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for mount, info in disk_info.items():
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```
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遍历每个挂载点及其信息。
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```python
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print(f"\n挂载点: {mount}")
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```
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打印当前磁盘分区的挂载点。
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```python
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for k, v in info.items():
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```
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遍历该挂载点的信息。
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```python
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if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
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print(f" {k}: {v // (1024 * 1024)} MB" if 'percent' not in k else f" {k}: {v}%")
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else:
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print(f" {k}: {v}")
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```
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- 如果值是数字，就转成 MB 打印（除了百分比）。
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- 否则直接打印。
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------
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### 🌐 打印网络信息
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```python
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print("\n=== 网络 信息 ===")
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net_info = get_network_info()
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```
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获取网络流量。
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```python
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print(f"已发送: {net_info['bytes_sent'] // (1024 * 1024)} MB")
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print(f"已接收: {net_info['bytes_recv'] // (1024 * 1024)} MB")
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```
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将字节转换为 MB 并打印发送和接收量。
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------
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## 🚀 执行入口
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```python
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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```
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- Python 程序的标准入口。
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- 如果是直接运行脚本，就执行 `main()`。
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